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Coordination chemistry education at secondary level schools
Navrátilová, Hana ; Míka, Luděk (advisor) ; Teplý, Pavel (referee)
1 Abstract This thesis deals with the analysis of teaching coordination chemistry at secondary schools. Coordination chemistry serves as a bridge between inorganic and organic chemistry, expands fundamental concepts and encourages students to think logically. Therefore, it has great importance in continuous chemistry education. The work examines the diversity of teaching methods and explains the disadvantages of teaching coordination chemistry, particularly in terms of nomenclature. It explains why this area is important for chemists. The study analyses the teaching of coordination chemistry in university teacher programs, in school educational programs, in model questions for admission exams for chemically-oriented programs in Prague, and lastly, it addresses the approach to coordination chemistry in secondary school textbooks. The aim of this work is to highlight the inconsistency of school educational programs in the teaching of coordination chemistry, why the teaching of coordination chemistry is limited to nomenclature, and the reasons behind it. Keywords coordination chemistry, school curriculum, educational program, chemistry education, secondary school.
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Polar ferrocene phosphines with nitrogen-containing linkers
Navrátil, Michal ; Štěpnička, Petr (advisor) ; Dostál, Libor (referee) ; Horáček, Michal (referee)
Title: Polar Ferrocene Phosphines with Nitrogen-Containing Linkers Author: RNDr. Michal Navrátil Supervisor: prof. RNDr. Petr Štěpnička, Ph.D., DSc. Abstract: This Ph.D. thesis describes three series of bridged ferrocene phosphines derived from aminoferrocene. The first series is comprised of homoannular α- and β-aminophosphines 1-3. The α-aminobis(phosphine) 1 was synthesized from aminoferrocene and (diphenylphosphino)- methanol via phospha-Mannich reaction in a 87% yield. This product was formed regardless of the reaction stoichiometry. Later, ligand 1 was utilized as a ligand for group 10 and 11 metal ions. With group 10 metal precursors, the ligand afforded five different square-planar complexes [MX2(1-κP)] (M/X = Ni/Cl, Pd/Cl, Pd/Br, Pd/I, Pt/Cl). In contrast, the complexes of group 11 metals showed varied geometry around the metal centre, ranging from a linear arrangement in [Au2Cl2(1-κP)], cyclic structure in [Au2(1-κP)2][SbF6]2 and tetrahedral arrangement in [M(1-κP)2][X] (M/X = Cu/BF4; Ag/SbF6; Au/SbF6). The cyclic voltammetry measurements suggested that Fe(II) oxidation is the first oxidation process. The attribution was corroborated by DFT calculations of 1 and [PdCl2(1-κP)]. To obtain the analogous monophosphine 2, aminoferrocene was N-methylated prior to the phospha-Mannich reaction. Subsequent...
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Study of thermodynamic stability of complexes with polydentate ligands
Böhmová, Zuzana ; Kubíček, Vojtěch (advisor) ; Vojtíšek, Pavel (referee)
Acid-base and coordination properties of macrocyclic ligand 1-oxa-4,7- diazacyclononane-4,7-bis(methylenephosphonic acid) were investigated. Protonation constants and stability constants with Ca2+ , Mg2+ , Cu2+ , Zn2+ , Mn2+ a Ga3+ metal ions were determined by potentiometry. Keywords Potentiometry, coordination chemistry, azacycles.
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Utilization of mass spectrometry for analysis of biologically active compounds
Kaliba, David
This PhD thesis provides a commented set of four publications. These publications are focused on capillary electrophoresis, liquid chromatography, and UV/Vis spectrometry used to study complexes of rhenium with aromatic ligands. The methods of mass spectrometry with soft ionization techniques, 1 H and 13 C nuclear magnetic resonance, and infrared spectrometry were used for structural characterization of the individual complexes. The complexes were synthetized in reactions of the rhenium precursor tetrabutylammonium tetrachlorooxorhenate with the corresponding ligand under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. In the course of the research, it was revealed that the prepared complexes (with Re in the oxidation number +V and +VI) are unstable and their oxidation numbers change to another more stable form (Re+VII ). Sub-projects which were successfully implemented during the research were as follows: Design and successful realization of the process of synthesis of selected rhenium complexes with aromatic ligands 1,2-dihydroxybenzene, 1,2,3-trihydroxybenzene, and 2,3-dihydroxynaphthalene in reactions with and without air access, and their structural characterization by ESI-MS, APPI- MS, LDI-MS, ESI-MS/MS, NMR, and IR. ESI-MS SRM and UV/Vis time studies of the behaviour of primary rhenium complexes...
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Utilization of mass spectrometry for analysis of biologically active compounds
Kaliba, David
This PhD thesis provides a commented set of four publications. These publications are focused on capillary electrophoresis, liquid chromatography, and UV/Vis spectrometry used to study complexes of rhenium with aromatic ligands. The methods of mass spectrometry with soft ionization techniques, 1 H and 13 C nuclear magnetic resonance, and infrared spectrometry were used for structural characterization of the individual complexes. The complexes were synthetized in reactions of the rhenium precursor tetrabutylammonium tetrachlorooxorhenate with the corresponding ligand under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. In the course of the research, it was revealed that the prepared complexes (with Re in the oxidation number +V and +VI) are unstable and their oxidation numbers change to another more stable form (Re+VII ). Sub-projects which were successfully implemented during the research were as follows: Design and successful realization of the process of synthesis of selected rhenium complexes with aromatic ligands 1,2-dihydroxybenzene, 1,2,3-trihydroxybenzene, and 2,3-dihydroxynaphthalene in reactions with and without air access, and their structural characterization by ESI-MS, APPI- MS, LDI-MS, ESI-MS/MS, NMR, and IR. ESI-MS SRM and UV/Vis time studies of the behaviour of primary rhenium complexes...
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Utilization of mass spectrometry for analysis of biologically active compounds
Kaliba, David ; Jelínek, Ivan (advisor) ; Pacáková, Věra (referee) ; Smrček, Stanislav (referee)
This PhD thesis provides a commented set of four publications. These publications are focused on capillary electrophoresis, liquid chromatography, and UV/Vis spectrometry used to study complexes of rhenium with aromatic ligands. The methods of mass spectrometry with soft ionization techniques, 1 H and 13 C nuclear magnetic resonance, and infrared spectrometry were used for structural characterization of the individual complexes. The complexes were synthetized in reactions of the rhenium precursor tetrabutylammonium tetrachlorooxorhenate with the corresponding ligand under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. In the course of the research, it was revealed that the prepared complexes (with Re in the oxidation number +V and +VI) are unstable and their oxidation numbers change to another more stable form (Re+VII ). Sub-projects which were successfully implemented during the research were as follows: Design and successful realization of the process of synthesis of selected rhenium complexes with aromatic ligands 1,2-dihydroxybenzene, 1,2,3-trihydroxybenzene, and 2,3-dihydroxynaphthalene in reactions with and without air access, and their structural characterization by ESI-MS, APPI- MS, LDI-MS, ESI-MS/MS, NMR, and IR. ESI-MS SRM and UV/Vis time studies of the behaviour of primary rhenium complexes...
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Selective complexation of transition metals ions
Beliš, Marek ; Kotek, Jan (advisor) ; Vojtíšek, Pavel (referee)
Copper radionuclides possess physical properties suitable for utilization in nuclear medicine. Important part of their preparation is separation from mother elements, usually zinc or nickel. Currently used methods of separation have their limits, what opens field for finding new ways. One part of the Thesis contains preparation of simple ion exchangers and their selectivity study. The other part of the Thesis is dedicated to optimization of synthetic steps leading to new bifunctional ligands in suitable form for binding to macromolecular carriers and preparation of new set of exchangers.
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Contrast Agents for 19F-MRI
Špánek, Jiří ; Kotek, Jan (advisor) ; Hrubý, Martin (referee)
Noninvasive imaging methods, such as MRI, are one of the most used methods in today's medicine. New MRI techniques that are being developed focus on measuring 19 F nuclei or saturation transfer between 1 H nuclei signals of contrast agent (CA) and water molecule. For these purposes, it is advantageous to use complexes of paramagnetic metal ions, whose magnetic properties cause increased rate of relaxation and thus reducing acquisition time. In this bachelor thesis two new ligands L1 and L2 are prepared, whose complexes with metal ions, such as Cu2+ and Ni2+ , could find a potencial use as CAs in methods mentioned above.
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Design and synthesis of ligands for selective copper(II) separation
Beliš, Marek ; Kotek, Jan (advisor) ; Smrček, Stanislav (referee)
Radioisotopes of copper are used in nuclear medicine for their physical properties. One step in process of preparing copper-containing radiopharmaceuticals is separation of copper radionuclides from other elements, especially zinc and nickel. The target of this Thesis is preparation of ligands based on linear tetraamine skeleton, which should be able of selective complexation and decomplexation of copper depending on pH of the solution. The Thesis contains synthesis of ligands, their NMR study and measurement of dissociation kinetics of their Cu-complexes. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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